Integrating a Concentration Gradient Generator and a Single‐Cell Trapper Array for High‐Throughput Screening the Bioeffects of Nanomaterials.

We herein develop a concentration gradient generator (CGG) on a microfluidic chip for diluting different nanoparticles. Specifically designed compact disk (CD)‐shaped microchannels in the CGG module could thoroughly mix the flowing solutions and generate a linear concentration gradient of nanoparticles without aggregation. We combine the CGG with a single‐cell trapper array (SCA) on microfluidics to evaluate the concentration‐dependent bioeffects of the nanoparticles. The precise control of the spatiotemporal generation of nanoparticle concentration on the CGG module and the single‐cell‐level monitoring of the cell behaviors on the SCA module by a high‐content system in real time, render the CGG‐SCA system a highly precise platform, which can exclude the average effect of cell population and reflect the response of individual cells to the gradient concentrations accurately. In addition, the CGG‐SCA system provides an automated platform for high‐throughput screening of nanomedicines with high precision and low sample consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]