Myocarditis in the pediatric and adolescent population.

Myocarditis, an acute inflammatory condition of the heart that affects all age groups, is an increasingly recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Presenting symptoms can range from mild gastrointestinal complaints (i.e., vomiting, diarrhea) to overt cardiogenic shock with dysrhythmia and death. Most cases of myocarditis are either infectious or autoimmune in origin, though it also may be idiopathic in origin. The outcome can be improved in selected patients with prompt recognition of the clinical syndrome and when necessary, initiation of cardiovascular support including inotropic, ventilatory, and anti-arrhythmic measures; however, long-term morbidity and mortality are common. This discussion reviews the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of myocarditis in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]