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Cerebralcare Granule® enhances memantine hydrochloride efficacy in APP/PS1 mice by ameliorating amyloid pathology and cognitive functions.
- Source :
-
Chinese Medicine . 6/28/2021, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p1-15. 15p. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory deficits and cognitive decline. Current drugs can only relieve symptoms, but cannot really cure AD. Cerebralcare Granule® (CG) is a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing a variety of biologically active compounds. In our previous studies, CG has shown a beneficial effect against memory impairment in mice caused by d-galactose. However, whether CG can be used as a complementary medicine for the treatment of AD remains unexplored. Here, we use a combination of CG and memantine hydrochloride (Mm) to treat Alzheimer-like pathology and investigate the effects and mechanisms in vivo. Methods: The histology of brain was examined with Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, Golgi staining and Thioflavin S staining. ELISA was applied to assess the expression levels or activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL) in serum, as well as the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the mice brain. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of β-secretase (BACE1), amyloid precursor protein (APP), APPβ, APPα, synaptophysin (SYN), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95). Results: In the present study, the combination group (CG + Mm) significantly attenuated Alzheimer-like behavior without adverse effects in APP/PS1 mice, indicating its high degree of safety and efficacy after long-term treatment. CG + Mm reduced AD pathological biomarker Aβ plaque accumulation by inhibiting BACE1 and APP expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). Besides, the combination group markedly inhibited the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampus (P < 0.001), as well as activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in serum (P < 0.001). By contrast, the combination group improved synaptic plasticity by enhancing SYN, PSD95, and GAP43 expression. Conclusions: Taken together, these data supported the notion that CG combined with Mm might ameliorate the cognitive impairment through multiple pathways, suggesting that CG could play a role as complementary medicine to increase anti-AD effect of chemical drugs by reducing Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, and improving synaptic plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *BRAIN anatomy
*AMYLOID
*COGNITION disorders
*ALKALINE phosphatase
*INTERLEUKINS
*BIOMARKERS
*MEMANTINE
*ALZHEIMER'S disease
*HERBAL medicine
*COMBINATION drug therapy
*STAINS & staining (Microscopy)
*ANIMAL experimentation
*WESTERN immunoblotting
*COGNITION
*NEUROPLASTICITY
*ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay
*TUMOR necrosis factors
*CHINESE medicine
*MICE
*ALANINE aminotransferase
*ASPARTATE aminotransferase
*BILIRUBIN
*PHARMACODYNAMICS
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17498546
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Chinese Medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 151125005
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-021-00456-9