Wideband circularly polarised antenna array with isoflux pattern.

The authors present a wideband circularly polarised antenna array consisting of a 10‐element ellipse dipole antenna and a feed network. A metal pillar is vertically loaded at the end of each ellipse dipole arm to extend the current path, thereby reducing the lateral dimension of the antenna element. For uniform coverage over the Earth's surface, antenna with an isoflux pattern is required due to its uniform power density over a wide coverage area. To obtain wideband and isoflux characteristics, the amplitude and phase distributions along the network are optimised by applying the hybrid of the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimisation. Particularly, the feed network with broadband phase shifting performance is designed to attain a broad bandwidth requirement. The proposed antenna can achieve excellent impedance matching and axial ratio characteristics from 1.1 to 1.6 GHz. In addition, the isoflux radiation pattern is obtained with the beamwidth of ±21° where the gain is higher than 0 dBi in the elevation plane (xoz‐Plane). The realised gain is better than 10.2 dBi and the side lobes are below −14.2dB across the operating frequency. Finally, the antenna array is manufactured and measured, and good agreement is achieved between the simulation and measurement results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]