Four evolving concepts in molecular and clinical autonomic research.

This central interaction clarifies a dual sympatho-inhibitory mechanism by which carotid sinus nerve stimulation may be beneficial in patients with resistant hypertension or heart failure. Keywords: Afferent; Sympathetic; Mechanosensors; PIEZO; ASIC; Neuroimmune; Microbiome; Microneurography EN Afferent Sympathetic Mechanosensors PIEZO ASIC Neuroimmune Microbiome Microneurography 467 471 5 07/22/21 20210801 NES 210801 In reflecting on decades of autonomic research, I recall the 2009 Walter B. Cannon Memorial Award Lecture, which I entitled In Search of Autonomic Balance: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly [[1]]. We demonstrated that the resetting of the baroreceptors is predominantly neuronal rather than vascular, identified mechanosensitive ion channels in isolated patch-clamped baroreceptor neurons, and found that pulsatility of the arterial pressure signal prevents baroreceptor afferent adaptation and sustains reflex sympathoinhibition. First evolving concept: the neurosensory integration of human sympathetic activity and its cl... Hypertension, heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea are disorders with excessive sympathetic nerve activity as a major contributor to cardiovascular mortality. [Extracted from the article]