Recent advances in the design of semiconductor hollow microspheres for enhanced photocatalyticv water splitting.

Photocatalytic water splitting is a promising method to produce clean and renewable energy, which provides an alternative solution to solve environmental and resource problems. New catalysts based on semiconductor nanoparticles have received increasing attention since they facilitate all the reactions needed for "artificial photosynthesis". In recent decades, hollow microspheres have provided an ideal platform for efficient utilization. Scientists are working to understand the basic principles, band structures, and modification strategies of hollow microspheres to enhance photocatalytic performance. In this paper, the research progress of hollow microsphere photocatalysts in the field of water splitting is reviewed. In particular, the photocatalytic principles of hollow microspheres and the methods to improve the performance of semiconductor photocatalysts are discussed in depth. The structural advantages and defects of hollow microspheres and modification methods of semiconductor band structure are introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges are summarized, and some insights into new trends and improvement directions for hollow materials are provided. This review will provide new insights for understanding hollow microspheres and help researchers in related fields to have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of hollow microspheres in photocatalytic water splitting. [Display omitted] • Hydrogen is one of the most promising renewable and clean energy sources. • Recombination of electrons and holes reduces photocatalytic efficiency. • The advantage of hollow structure for photocatalytic water splitting was reviewed. • Strategy to improve the catalytic efficiency of hollow microspheres was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]