A proteogenomic portrait of lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains a leading cause of cancer death with few therapeutic options. We characterized the proteogenomic landscape of LSCC, providing a deeper exposition of LSCC biology with potential therapeutic implications. We identify NSD3 as an alternative driver in FGFR1-amplified tumors and low-p63 tumors overexpressing the therapeutic target survivin. SOX2 is considered undruggable, but our analyses provide rationale for exploring chromatin modifiers such as LSD1 and EZH2 to target SOX2-overexpressing tumors. Our data support complex regulation of metabolic pathways by crosstalk between post-translational modifications including ubiquitylation. Numerous immune-related proteogenomic observations suggest directions for further investigation. Proteogenomic dissection of CDKN2A mutations argue for more nuanced assessment of RB1 protein expression and phosphorylation before declaring CDK4/6 inhibition unsuccessful. Finally, triangulation between LSCC, LUAD, and HNSCC identified both unique and common therapeutic vulnerabilities. These observations and proteogenomics data resources may guide research into the biology and treatment of LSCC. [Display omitted] • Unsupervised clustering revealed subtype with EMT and phosphoprotein signatures • Potential therapeutic vulnerabilities included survivin, NSD3, LSD1, and EZH2 • Rb phosphorylation nominated as a biomarker for trials with CDK4/6 inhibitors • Detailed immune landscape analysis highlighted targetable points of immuneregulation Comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of lung squamous cell carcinomas and paired normal adjacent tissues identifies taxonomic subclasses, alternative driver events, and insights into immune modulation, as well as putative biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]