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Ginsenoside Rb1 induces a pro-neurogenic microglial phenotype via PPARγ activation in male mice exposed to chronic mild stress.
- Source :
-
Journal of Neuroinflammation . 8/9/2021, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p1-16. 16p. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- <bold>Background: </bold>Anti-inflammatory approaches are emerging as a new strategy for the treatment of depressive disorders. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), a major component of Panax ginseng, can inhibit inflammatory cascade and alleviate depressive-like behaviors. Microglia can promote or inhibit adult hippocampal neurogenesis according to their functional phenotypes. Here, we examine whether GRb1 may exert antidepressant effects by promoting a pro-neurogenic phenotype of microglia and thereby increasing neurogenesis.<bold>Methods: </bold>The antidepressant effects of GRb1 or the licensed antidepressant imipramine (IMI) were assessed in chronic mild stress (CMS)-exposed male mice. The depressive-like behaviors of mice were evaluated by sucrose preference test, forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST). The microglial phenotypes were identified by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and morphological properties, analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of GRb1-treated microglia on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro was detected using immunofluorescence staining.<bold>Results: </bold>Behavioral assessment indicated that GRb1 or IMI treatment alleviated depressive-like behaviors in CMS-exposed mice. Immunofluorescence examination demonstrated that GRb1 induced a pro-neurogenic phenotype of microglia via activating PPARγ in vivo and in vitro, which were effectively reversed by the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. In addition, GRb1-treated microglia increased the proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>These findings demonstrated that GRb1 alleviated depressive-like behaviors of CMS-exposed male mice mainly through PPARγ-mediated microglial activation and improvement of adult hippocampus neurogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress
*MICROGLIA
*PHENOTYPES
*GINSENG
*MENTAL depression
*SUCROSE
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17422094
- Volume :
- 18
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 151837622
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02185-0