Non-fermentative gram-negative bloodstream infection in northern Italy: a multicenter cohort study.

<bold>Background: </bold>The management of non-fermentative gram-negative bloodstream infection (NFGN-BSI) offers numerous challenges. In this study the aim is to analyse a large cohort of patients with NFGN-BSI recruited in the northern Italy to describe epidemiology, etiological and susceptibility pattern, therapeutic management and outcome.<bold>Methods: </bold>Multicentre retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalised at three large teaching hospitals in northern Italy in a fourth year period.<bold>Results: </bold>355 BSI episodes were analyzed, due to P. aeruginosa (72.7%), A. baumannii (16.6%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (10.7%). Overall, 21.4% of isolates were defined as DTR, highest rate among A. baumannii (64.4%). All-cause 30-day mortality rate was 17.5%. Rates of XDR or DTR A. baumannii isolation were significantly higher in non-surviving patients. Independent risk factors for 30-day mortality were: age (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.04, p = 0.003), septic shock (HR 2.84, 95%CI 1.67-4.82, p < 0.001) and BSI due to Acinetobacter baumannii (HR 2.23, 95%CI 1.27-3.94, p = 0.005).<bold>Conclusion: </bold>The overall prevalence of DTR was high in the NFGN BSI cohort analyzied, mainly among Acinetobacter baumannii episodes (64.4%). Acinetobacter baumannii is showed to be an independent predictor of mortality. These evidences marked the urgent need of new therapeutic options against this pathogen.<bold>Trial Registration Number: </bold>79/2017/O/OssN. Approved: March14th, 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]