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Antiretroviral drug exposure in urethral and glans surface sampling of the penis.
- Source :
-
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (JAC) . Sep2021, Vol. 76 Issue 9, p2368-2374. 7p. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- <bold>Background: </bold>HIV exposure to penile tissues provides a risk of acquisition among men, yet studies evaluating penile antiretroviral (ARV) drug distribution have been lacking. We measured ARVs on urethral and glans surface swabs collected following a dose of tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine, elvitegravir, darunavir and cobicistat.<bold>Methods: </bold>Thirty-five HIV-negative male participants provided urethral swabs, glans swabs, rectal swabs, blood and urine up to 96 h following a single dose of tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat and darunavir. ARVs were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ng/swab for swabs and 10 ng/mL for plasma and urine. Concentrations are reported as median and range.<bold>Results: </bold>Urethral swab emtricitabine and darunavir concentrations peaked at 4 h for emtricitabine (36 ng/swab; 3-307 ng/swab) and 8 h for darunavir (25 ng/swab; 2-52 ng/swab). Glans swab emtricitabine and darunavir concentrations peaked 24 h after dosing (emtricitabine 14 ng/swab, <LOD-328 ng/swab; darunavir 6 ng/swab, <LOD-149 ng/swab). Estimated peak urethral secretion emtricitabine and darunavir concentrations are between 10 and 20 μg/mL, similar to rectal secretions, 4-fold greater than in plasma, but 2-fold lower than in urine. Tenofovir and elvitegravir were detected on less than 20% of urethral or glans swabs collected within 24 h of dosing.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>We document ARV dosing in the urethra and on the glans surface with high drug concentrations noted for emtricitabine and darunavir and lower tenofovir and elvitegravir concentrations. Data suggest a potential protective role of urethral emtricitabine or darunavir against penile HIV acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 03057453
- Volume :
- 76
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (JAC)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 151929232
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab155