Circularly polarized hybrid mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna for two quadrant scanning beamforming applications for 5G.

Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) based two ports multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna for two quadrant beamforming applications using metasurfaces (MS) is addressed. A novel SIW structure is employed to achieve beamforming. This work comprises two types of vias having different diameters and lengths in order to achieve multibeam in the first and second quadrant with 120° coverage. Two cross slots tilted at ±45° are etched on top of the structure. The width variation of one of the cross slots achieved beam scanning in first quadrant with coverage of 90°. Additionally, four circular slots are etched on the top metallic layer to improve the axial ratio and the gain of the antenna. Apart from that, two diagonally etched slots help to enhance the gain and radiation properties of the antenna. Furthermore, to get the good mutual coupling and isolation between the two ports, EBG unit cells are deployed on the ground. The proposed antenna shows good right hand circularly polarized radiation within the band with the help of MS deployed on an extended part of the substrate. MS also improves the return loss bandwidth. In the end, the diversity properties of the MIMO have been studied as well. The proposed antenna shows good performance in all respects for 5G applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]