A novel energy cooperation framework for community energy storage systems and prosumers.

• A novel energy cooperation framework for energy storage and prosumers is proposed. • A bi-level energy trading model considering the network constraints is presented. • A profit-sharing mechanism is designed with the asymmetric Nash bargaining model. • The adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers is applied efficiently. Energy trading between community energy storage systems (CESSs) and prosumers has received much attention recently. But few studies have considered the impact of network constraints on energy trading and how to share profits equitably. To address these issues, this paper proposes an efficient energy cooperation framework for CESSs and prosumers. Firstly, an energy cooperation platform is introduced as a manager to interact with all players and the distribution system operator (DSO), improving the interaction efficiency and having better scalability. Secondly, we present a bi-level energy trading model: at the lower level, each prosumer and CESS interact with the platform to determine their shared power profiles; at the upper level, the platform and DSO calibrate the shared scheme from the lower level with network constraints and generate trading adjustments to guide the lower level energy trading. Furthermore, a profit-sharing mechanism based on the asymmetric Nash bargaining model is designed, where the contribution rates are determined by the shared energy of players. More importantly, to avoid players' cheating behavior, the player's revenue before allocation is calculated by the platform. Additionally, the adaptive alternating directional multiplier method (ADMM) is employed for solving energy trading problems, where the penalty parameters can be adaptively adjusted to accelerate the convergence rate. Finally, the case studies verify the feasibility and fairness of the energy cooperation framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]