Leader-following bipartite consensus with disturbance rejection for uncertain multiple Euler–Lagrange systems over signed networks.

In this paper, the leader-following bipartite consensus is investigated for a group of uncertain multiple Euler–Lagrange systems with disturbances. An innovative adaptive distributed observer is developed without requiring that followers surely acquire the leader's auxiliary state and system matrix. A directed signed network satisfying the principle of structural balance is exploited to describe the interaction among agents. Then a novel bipartite consensus control protocol is proposed to solve the bipartite consensus problem of multiple Euler–Lagrange systems. The theoretical proof is provided via constructing a Lyapunov function and applying Barbalat lemma to analyze the convergence problem. Finally, a numerical simulation is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]