Household waste management in Shanghai and its implications for the second-tier cities in China.

Seeing that Shanghai implemented mandatory household waste sorting system (referred as Shanghai Model) in 2019 and achieved remarkable improvements, the study focuses on how to localize it in second-tier cities. Specifically, by applying system dynamics method, a qualitative Basic Model and a quantitative Shanghai Model simulating residents' waste related behavior are built. Combined Theory of Planned Behavior and the Split-Core Model are adopted. Data of Zhengzhou is inputted and simulated to representatively deliver policy implications to second-tier cities. The result shows that improving transactional context can lift the weight of willingness and depress the weight of opportunism in behavior decision makings. Shanghai Model significantly improves the legal transaction context of waste sorting which make residents actively sort the wastes under the promotion of willingness. For second-tier cities of China, improving transactional context to reduce opportunism and conquering the short board of willingness to promote active participation are indispensable. And, waste reducing measures like the unit pricing system are recommended to make up the shortage of the Shanghai Model. The study puts forward a synthetic analyzing framework of waste related behaviors and builds a portable policy analyzing system of waste management for both China and other developing countries. • Basic model combing Theory of Planned Behavior and Split-Core Model is built. • Waste generation, reducing, recycling, and sorting system dynamics model is built. • Shanghai Model can improve household waste sorting and recycling. • Zhengzhou is recommended to improve facility level before adopting Shanghai Model. • The study provides a policy making tool for household waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]