The Fe3O4@apple seed starch core-shell structure decorated In(III): A green biocatalyst for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of pyrazole-fused isocoumarins derivatives under solvent-free conditions.

In current decades, the fabrication and design of magnetic biocatalysts have been advancing as green catalysts. Hence, in this paper, we use the apple seed starch to create indium(III) immobilized on Fe 3 O 4 @apple seed starch core-shell magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe 3 O 4 @apple seed starch-In(III)). The prepared catalyst was identified and evaluated with several analysis techniques. The application of this catalyst in the synthesis of isochromeno[4,3- c ]pyrazole-5(1 H)-one derivates under solvent-free conditions was a new approach with high efficiency. Due to the magnetic nature of the catalyst, the catalyst separation from the reaction medium is easy, and it is reusable for five runs without significant change in catalytic activity. The fabrication of this catalyst is based on green chemistry principles and is more economical and stable than other catalysts in the synthesis of pyrazole-fused isocoumarins heterocyclic compounds. [Display omitted] • This study presents the Fe 3 O 4 @apple seed starch-In(III) fabrication and its application in the isochromeno[4,3- c ]pyrazole-5(1 H)-one derivates synthesis. • The heterogeneous catalyst is cost-effective, available, highly efficient, readily reusable, and separable. • The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, XPS, TGA, ICP-OES, VSM, and elemental mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]