Mechanisms determining different planar orientations in PPO films crystallized by guest sorption.

Co-crystallization of amorphous poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) oxide (PPO) films, as induced by sorption at different temperatures of many liquid guest molecules, is explored. Both for co-crystalline (CC) and corresponding nanoporous-crystalline (NC) films, kinds of and degree of planar orientation, which are relevant for their properties and applications, can be controlled by the guest sorption procedure. In particular, crystalline polymer chain orientation preferentially perpendicular to the film plane is favored by bulky guest molecules and by low guest sorption temperatures, i.e. by slow guest uptakes. Guest sorption kinetics and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) support a simple mechanism that rationalizes the kinds of planar orientation of crystalline PPO chains. Slow guest uptakes imply polymer co-crystallization in spatial confinement, producing lamellae that are oriented flat-on to the film surface and hence polymer chain axes preferentially perpendicular to the film plane (c ⊥ orientation). Fast guest uptakes imply polymer co-crystallization leading to fibrils that are parallel to the film surface and hence to polymer chain axes being preferentially parallel to the film plane (c // orientation). [Display omitted] • Guest induced co-crystallization of amorphous PPO films can lead to two kinds of crystalline planar orientation (c // and c ⊥). • Guest sorption rate is the main factor determining the kind of planar orientation in PPO films. • Fast guest uptake leads to crystalline fibrils, with orientation preferentially parallel to the film surface (c //). • Slow guest uptake implies CC in spatial confinement, leading to flat-on orientation of crystalline lamellae (c ⊥). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]