Spatial distribution of the threatened Asiatic black bear in northern Pakistan.

The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is globally listed as "Vulnerable." Here, we documented its current distribution and the human-bear conflict in Machiara National Park (MNP, northern Pakistan) from 2009 to 2013. Our observations indicated that this bear occurs in all areas of MNP, especially at elevations between 1,600 and 3,300 m above sea level. We recorded the greatest activity in May and September. Our questionnaire survey indicated that the majority of survey participants were not in favor of coexistence with this bear. The Asiatic black bear urgently needs effective management plans to guarantee its conservation in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]