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Energy deficiency impairs resistance training gains in lean mass but not strength: A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression.
- Source :
-
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports . Jan2022, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p125-137. 13p. 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Short‐term energy deficits impair anabolic hormones and muscle protein synthesis. However, the effects of prolonged energy deficits on resistance training (RT) outcomes remain unexplored. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of PubMed and SportDiscus for randomized controlled trials performing RT in an energy deficit (RT+ED) for ≥3 weeks. We first divided the literature into studies with a parallel control group without an energy deficit (RT+CON; Analysis A) and studies without RT+CON (Analysis B). Analysis A consisted of a meta‐analysis comparing gains in lean mass (LM) and strength between RT+ED and RT+CON. Studies in Analysis B were matched with separate RT+CON studies for participant and intervention characteristics, and we qualitatively compared the gains in LM and strength between RT+ED and RT+CON. Finally, Analyses A and B were pooled into a meta‐regression examining the relationship between the magnitude of the energy deficit and LM. Analysis A showed LM gains were impaired in RT+ED vs RT+CON (effect size (ES) = −0.57, p = 0.02), but strength gains were comparable between conditions (ES = −0.31, p = 0.28). Analysis B supports the impairment of LM in RT+ED (ES: −0.11, p = 0.03) vs RT+CON (ES: 0.20, p < 0.001) but not strength (RT+ED ES: 0.84; RT+CON ES: 0.81). Finally, our meta‐regression demonstrated that an energy deficit of ~500 kcal · day−1 prevented gains in LM. Individuals performing RT to build LM should avoid prolonged energy deficiency, and individuals performing RT to preserve LM during weight loss should avoid energy deficits >500 kcal day−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 09057188
- Volume :
- 32
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 154103346
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14075