Variation in Multiphase Flow Characteristics by Nozzle‐Twisted Lance Blowing in Converter Steelmaking Process.

A 3D gas–slag–metal model for a 120t converter with nozzle‐twisted lance is established, and the gas jet characteristics, slag–metal interface fluctuations, wall erosion, and changes in the molten pool flow field of the nozzle‐twisted lance of the blowing process are studied. The results reveal that, with the increase in the swirl angle, the length of the jet high‐velocity section, maximum velocity, and dynamic pressure decrease, radial distance increases, and wall shear stress first decreases and then increases. With an increase in the blowing time, the fluctuating intensity of the slag surface and the molten steel surface changes significantly, fluctuating slag surface stabilizes after 1.7 s (fluctuating intensity is 1.08–1.12), and fluctuating steel surface stabilizes after 1.3 s (fluctuating intensity is 1.23–1.33). The turbulent kinetic energy of the gas–slag–metal three‐phase interaction area increases and the wall shear stress gradually increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]