Energy-efficient opportunistic multi-carrier NOMA-based resource allocation for beyond 5G (B5G) networks.

The interplay between the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and the opportunistic cognitive radio (CR)-based orthogonal frequency multiple access (OFDMA) has been recently realized as a promising paradigm to support the unprecedented massive connectivity demands of future beyond fifth-generation (B5G) wireless communication systems. In such systems, which are called multi-carrier NOMA CR-based systems, each licensed band reserved for primary users can be opportunistically utilized based on power-domain NOMA to serve a group of secondary users simultaneously. An important challenge in this domain is how to provide energy-efficient resource allocation techniques that attempt to strike a balance between the total throughput (i.e., the achieved sum-rate) and the power required to achieve that rate while satisfying network QoS demands and being aware of the unique characteristics of the CR operating environment. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient resource allocation technique for multi-carrier NOMA CR-based systems, which aims at maximizing the overall energy efficiency (EE) of the system under a set of CR and NOMA constraints. The EE maximization problem is shown to be a fractional non-convex optimization, which is, in general, hard to optimize. To deal with the fractional and the non-convexity nature of the formulated EE maximization problem, we exploit the Dinkelbach's algorithm to transfer the EE problem to a parameterized optimization problem. Then we use an iterative optimization approach to obtain the solution for the EE maximization problem. Simulation results reveal that this EE maximization-based resource allocation technique outperforms the existing resource allocation techniques in terms of the overall EE of the system while striking a good balance between the sum-rate and the transmit power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]