Removal of methylmercury and its potential relationship to microbiota in sludge anaerobic digestion under thermal hydrolysis.

[Display omitted] • Both methylation and demethylation were promoted in AD with thermal hydrolysis. • Thermal hydrolysis directly reduced MeHg content from 4.24 ng/g to 0.95 ng/g. • Further improved demethylation with MeHg content reducing to 0.39 ng/g after AD. • Potential methylator, gene marker, relation with microbiota were identified. Reducing health risk of mercury (Hg)/methylmercury (MeHg) in sewage sludge is vital to its land application. This study revealed that thermal hydrolysis reduced MeHg content both during pretreatment process and subsequent anaerobic digestion (AD), which resulted in decrease of MeHg content from 4.24 ng/g to 0.95 ng/g after thermal hydrolysis (150 ℃) and further decreased to 0.39 ng/g after AD. Notably, thermal hydrolysis at high temperature (120 ℃ and 150 ℃) promoted both Hg methylation and MeHg demethylation rather than the control or at low temperature (100 ℃). Hg methylation dominated in hydrolysis and acidogenesis stage, whereas MeHg demethylation dominated in methanogenesis stage. Though abundance of related genes (HgcA and merA) was dramatically reduced, Ruminococcaceae , Peptococcaceae , and Lachnospiraceae were potentially Hg methylators in hydrolysis and acidogenesis stage. Whereas, MeHg demethylation dominated in the late period of AD due to the improved syntrophic methanogenesis and possibly reduced Hg2+ biodegradability by precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]