Farmacogenómica en psiquiatría de niños y adolescentes: Una revisión del estado actual de la cuestión.

Pharmacogenomics is the science that studies the role of the different components of the human genome on response to drugs. Knowing the information on these factors could be useful in the field of psychopharmacology of children and adolescents in order to individualize the selection of treatments and minimize adverse reactions. Material and methods: A literature review of the publications of the last ten years was carried out in the PubMed database, using the following keywords: Psychiatry AND child and adolescent AND pharmacogenomics; Psychiatry AND child and adolescent AND pharmacogenomic/pharmacogenetic. 35 articles were selected following previously established inclusion criteria. Results: The most consistent results are those related to the polymorphisms of the CYP450 family genes, especially the different metabolising phenotypes (slow, intermediate, fast) that influence pharmacological response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Risperidone and Atomoxetine. Furthermore, functional polymorphisms of the HTR2A gene are related to the clinical response to SSRIs and several COMT polymorphisms are related to a decreased response to Methylphenidate and other stimulants. Serotonergic receptor variants such as 5HT2A, 5HT1B also influence the response and likelihood of SSRIs' side effects. Conclusions: The use of pharmacogenetic tests may become a complementary tool in therapeutic decision-making in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. However, in light of the results reviewed, its widespread use is not justified, although it could be considered in some patients with severe diseases and insufficient response to previously tested drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]