Long-term dechlorination of cis-DCE to ethene with co-immobilized Dehalococcoides mccartyi BAV1 and Clostridium butyricum in silica gel system.

Chloroethenes are common groundwater pollutants, and have been classified as toxic and carcinogenic to humans. The metabolites of chloroethenes, cis -dichloroethene (cis -DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) commonly accumulate in groundwater due to their recalcitrant reductive dechlorination under anaerobic conditions. Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dhc) is the key anaerobic bacteria for complete dechlorination of chloroethene, and Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) can provide hydrogen for supporting the growth of Dhc. In this study, we co-immobilized Dhc strain BAV1 and C. butyricum in a silica gel to determine the ability of the complete dechlorination of cis -DCE. Our results showed that our immobilized system could protect BAV1 from a high concentration (8 mM) of cis -DCE to carry out complete dechlorination. After the long-term use of our immobilized system, the activity of complete dechlorination was maintained for more than 180 consecutive days. Furthermore, we applied the immobilized system to remediate contaminated groundwater and uncovered the complete dechlorination of cis -DCE into ethene, a non-toxic product, within 28 days. Therefore, this novel co-immobilized system could serve a solution for bioremediation at chloroethene-contaminated sites. [Display omitted] • Immobilized Dehalococcoides mccartyi BAV1 and Clostridium butyricum for the complete dechlorination was first set up. • Long-term dechlorination of co-immobilized BAV1 and C. butyricum in silica gel was demonstrated. • Our immobilized system can be reused for many cycles during the operation time of more than 180 consecutive days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]