ImmunoPET imaging of hematological malignancies: From preclinical promise to clinical reality.

• ImmunoPET is a paradigm-shifting imaging modality realizing target-specific diagnosis of hematological malignancies. • CD38-targeted immunoPET holds great promise for improving clinical management of multiple myelomas. • Development of theranostic pair for hematological malignancies is highly warranted. Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging is a paradigm-shifting imaging technique for whole-body and all-lesion tumor detection, based on the combined specificity of tumor-targeting vectors [e.g., monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), nanobodies, and bispecific antibodies] and the sensitivity of PET imaging. By noninvasively, comprehensively, and serially revealing heterogeneous tumor antigen expression, immunoPET imaging is gradually improving the theranostic prospects for hematological malignancies. In this review, we summarize the available literature regarding immunoPET in imaging hematological malignancies. We also highlight the pros and cons of current conjugation strategies, and modular chemistry that can be leveraged to develop novel immunoPET probes for hematological malignancies. Lastly, we discuss the use of immunoPET imaging in guiding antibody drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]