How long should a kiss last between a kinase and its substrate?

Although Co-IP has been widely used to examine I in vivo i protein-protein interactions, especially for strong and stable protein interactions, it needs to be performed with great experimental caution for weak or transient interactions, such as those that occur between a kinase and its substrates. Under normal conditions, TOR kinase phosphorylates ABA receptors (PYR1/PYL/RCARs) to abolish their ABA binding ability, thereby preventing stress signaling activation and promoting plant growth. In the presence of abscisic acid or environmental stress, activated SnRK2s transiently phosphorylate Raptor1B, a regulatory component of the TOR complex, to inhibit plant growth. As phosphorylation of hundreds of proteins has been shown to be dependent on SnRK2s (Umezawa et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2013, 2018, 2020), it is not surprising there are other kinases/signal components that can mediate stress adaptation processes downstream of SnRK2s. [Extracted from the article]