Endoscopic treatment for duodenal neoplasms.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed in the late 20th century as a treatment for early gastrointestinal cancer. However, endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) has lagged far behind compared with other gastrointestinal tumors because SNADETs are rare and little progress has been made in understanding their clinicopathological characteristics. Consequently, expert endoscopic diagnosis of SNADETs must not only achieve tumor detection but also incorporate optical biopsy to ensure selection of an appropriate treatment strategy based on the risk of malignancy. [Extracted from the article]