Exploring the relationship of climate change and land-use dynamics with satellite-derived surface indices and temperature in greater Dhaka, Bangladesh.

This paper addresses the assessment of the relation of land-use dynamics and climate change based on the relationship of land surface temperature (LST), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalised difference built up index (NDBI) using Landsat 4, 5 TM and 8 OLI/TIRS between 1989 and 2019. In situ condition was assessed using ground observations for validating satellite-derived temperature. LST was derived using NDVI-based emissivity method which uses non-linear split-window algorithm. To establish relationship among LST, NDBI and NDVI pixel-based approach was adopted. Increase in LST was observed with an increase of impervious surface and decrease of greenery. A strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.573 (P value = 0.01) was observed between LST and NDBI for the period 1989–2019 along with a strong negative correlation between LST and NDVI (r = −0.431, P value = 0.01). The correlation of NDBI–NDVI was also moderately negative (correlation coefficient = −0.284, P value = 0.01). A section of Greater Dhaka has been identified because it showed the highest rise in LST, air temperature and impervious surface and highest decrease in vegetation and rainfall. The trend of urban increase shows that in future, areas which share their boundary with Dhaka city will experience rapid urbanisation. Those areas are also expected to experience high air and surface temperature as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]