The utility of urological clinical and simulation training for Sub‐Saharan Africa.

The WACS training comprises 30-36 months of general surgical training (Part 1), followed by 36 months of specialist training (Part 2) in an accredited hospital, leading to the specialist fellowship examination. From very cheap to expensive.</td><td>Use of everyday objects as modelsTask-training modelsIsolated animal organsBox trainersTask-training manikinsCadavers</td></tr></tbody></table> ht In 2011, Robert Lane [21] delivered a workshop on the Future of Surgical training in Africa, the importance of coordination and COSECSA's role. The WHO recommends the inclusion of simulation-based education and training stating its benefits as '... helping students to acquire skills and to accelerate learning' [19], whilst Burch's [20] editorial 'Should simulation-based training be an essential, non-negotiable component of training for a career in healthcare provision? Keywords: simulation; low and middle-income countries; technical skills; non-technical skills; training; urology EN simulation low and middle-income countries technical skills non-technical skills training urology 563 571 9 05/13/22 20220501 NES 220501 Abbreviations BSS Basic Surgical Skills COSECSA College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019 3D three-dimensional F-2-F face-to-face HICs high-income countries LMICs low- and middle-income countries MDGs Millennium Development Goals NOTSS non-technical skills for surgeons RCT randomised controlled trial SBE simulation-based education SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TS Touch Surgery™ app. [Extracted from the article]