Real-time mixed reality-based visual warning for construction workforce safety.

Spatial locations of personnel, equipment, and materials are constantly changing as construction projects progress. The dynamic nature of the construction industry affects workers' performance of identifying hazards. Even though a great deal of effort has been made to improve construction safety, the construction industry still witnesses a high accident rate. In order to complement the existing body of knowledge relating to construction safety, this paper integrates Digital Twin (DT), Deep Learning (DL), and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies into a newly developed real-time visual warning system, which enables construction workers to proactively determine their safety status and avoid accidents. Next, system tests were conducted under three quasi-on-site scenarios, and the feasibility was proven in terms of synchronising construction activities over a large area and visually representing hazard information to its users. These evidenced merits of the development testing scenarios can improve workers' risk assessment accuracy, reinforce workers' safety behaviour, and provide a new perspective for construction safety managers to analyse construction safety status. • The proposed system generates simulated virtual construction sites based on the digital twin concept. • The virtual construction sites integrate BIM models and live video data for hazard identification. • Wearable mixed reality devices can present real-time hazard information to individual workers intuitively. • Three preliminary experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]