The Need for Theory and the Value of Cooperation: Disruption and Deritualization.

This paper focuses on theory in sociology. I suggest that, notwithstanding the benefits that accrue from the development of theoretical ideas and research in a competitive environment, competition can also have undesirable consequences. I argue that such tendencies should be countered by cooperation in our theoretical and research efforts (e.g., multimethod research). I also advocate the development of formulations that are precise and systematic because such theories are more clearly understood and capable of being investigated, can lead to the development of more clearly defined questions, and can help us achieve the goal of greater cooperation. To provide an illustration of these points I discuss a recently developed line of theory and research related to “structural ritualization theory.” This work focuses on “deritualization, ”that is, the breakdown of previously engaged in ritualized practices due to disruptive events. Four studies are discussed: an experimental investigation of positive, negative, and neutral disruptions of ritualized practices in task groups; a study of personal accounts of individuals interned in concentration camps; a qualitative analysis of pioneering reports on disasters which shows how such events result in the breakdown of ritualized behaviors; and, historical research that focuses on “dark ages” as macrolevel disruptions leading to large-scale deritualization. I conclude by reemphasizing the value of theory and the need for cooperation, summarizing analytical concerns generated by deritualization research, and suggesting the need for applied efforts based on these principles and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]