ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ЛЬОНУ ОЛІЙНОГО ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СТРОКІВ, СПОСОБІВ СІВБИ, НОРМ ВИСІВУ ТА ДОГЛЯДУ ЗА ПОСІВАМИ.

Field research was conducted in the fields of the Institute of Oilseeds Crops NAAS, which is located in the Zaporozhye district of Zaporozhye region and belongs to the southern subzone of the Steppe of Ukraine. The research was performed according to generally accepted methods in agriculture and crop production. Experiment 1. Scheme of the experiment: Factor A - sowing period: early (at a soil temperature of 8–10 ° С), late (12–19 days after the early one). Factor B - seeding rate (mln seeds per ha): 3.5; 4.5; 5.5. Experiment 2. Scheme of the experiment: Factor A - method of sowing: row (row spacing 15 cm), cross. Factor B - seeding rate (mln seeds per ha): 5.0; 6.0; 7.0. Factor C - application of harrowing: without harrowing, with harrowing in the Christmas tree phase. A variety of flax oil Kivika was sown. The aim of the research was to identify and study the timing, methods of sowing, seeding rates and crop care (harrowing in the "Christmas tree" phase) of Kivika oil flax for elements of productivity and yield. As a result of the conducted researches it was established that the studied agrotechnical methods of cultivation influenced the growth, development, yield of oil flax. From the obtained data it was established that with the increase of seed sowing rate from 3.5 to 4.5 and 5.5 mln seeds per ha the number of seeds per plant decreased. The weight of seeds from one plant was almost the same for both sowing dates and was equal to 0.42-0.26 g and 0.44-0.28 g, respectively, for early and late Kivika cultivars. The largest seed weight from one plant was formed during the late period. sowing and sowing rates of 3.5 mln seeds per ha and amounted to 0.44 g in the Kivika variety. With an increase in the sowing rate of seeds from 3.5 to 4.5 and 5.5 mln seeds per ha in all years of research, there was a tendency to reduce the weight of 1000 seeds. This figure was higher than late sowing and was equal to early and late, respectively, depending on the sowing rate in the variety Kivika – 4.52–4.37 g and 4.95–4.65 g. The highest weight of 1000 seeds was observed at late sowing and sowing rates of 3.5 mln seeds per ha and was in the variety Kivika – 4.95 g. Depending on the sowing rate, the fat content in oilseed flax seeds was: at the early sowing period in the Kivika variety – 40.4–40.8%; for late sowing - 39.6–41.0%. An important indicator of the efficiency of growing oilseeds and, in particular, oil flax, is the collection of oil per unit area. Oil collection depends on the yield and fat content in the seeds. According to our data, oil collection mainly depended on the yield and to a lesser extent on the oil content of the seeds. It was found that the collection of oil in flax oil depended on agricultural practices. In the Kivika variety, for both sowing dates, the oil collection per unit area in the sowing rates of 3.5 and 4.5 mln seeds per ha was 429, 439 kg/ha and 440 kg/ha, respectively. The increase in the sowing rate of the Kivika variety from 4.5 to 5.5 mln seeds per ha for both sowing periods led to a decrease in oil collection from 440 kg/ha to 396 kg/ha in the early period and to 422 kg / ha in the late period. sowing date. Sowing dates affected flax yields in different ways. In the Kivika variety, for both sowing periods, the yield was almost on the same level with the sowing rate of 3.5 and 4.5 mln seeds per ha and was equal to 1.20 and 1.21 t / ha and 1.23 and 1.25 t /ha. In the row method of sowing in the variant with harrowing the weight of 1000 seeds was at sowing rates 5.0 mln seeds per ha 4.50 – 4.53 g; 6.0 mln seeds per ha – 4.40–4.43 g and 7.0 mln seeds per ha 4.32 – 4.35 g and increased by cross-seeding at sowing rates of 5.0 mln seeds per ha to 4.54 – 4.58 g; 6.0 mln seeds per ha – up to 4.46–4.48 g; 7.0 mln seeds per ha - up to 4.35– 4.39 g. Harrowing led to an increase in the weight of 1000 seeds by row sowing by 0.03 g, and by cross – by 0.02–0.04 g. At the same time, thickening of crops led to a decrease in the weight of 1000 seeds. With increasing sowing rate from 5.0 to 6.0 and 7.0 mln seeds per ha, the weight of 1000 seeds, depending on harrowing, decreased from 4.50-4.53 to 4.40-4.43 and 4.32 - 4.35 g - for the row method of sowing and from 4.54-4.58 to 4.46-4.48 and 4.35-4.39 g - for the cross method of sowing. The application of the cross-method of sowing in comparison with the row method led to an increase in the mass of seeds per plant in all sowing rates, except for 5.0 mln seeds per ha. According to the row method of sowing, depending on harrowing, the weight of seeds from one plant was equal, according to sowing rates 5.0 mln seeds per ha – 0.31–0.34 g; 6.0 mln seeds per ha – 0.25–0.27 g; 7.0 mln seeds per ha – 0.21–0.22 g, and in the cross method at sowing rates 5.0 mln seeds per ha – 0.32–0.34 g; 6.0 mln seeds per ha 0.28–0.31 g; 7.0 mln seeds per ha – 0.24–0.25 g. Harrowing caused an increase in the mass of seeds from one plant by row and cross sowing methods by 0.01–0.03 g. At the same time, the thickening of crops caused a decrease mass of seeds from one plant. In the analysis of yield data, it was found that the best sowing rate was 5.0 mln seeds per ha, which, depending on harrowing, yield was 1.20–1.26 t/ha. With increasing sowing rate from 5.0 to 6.0 and 7.0 mln seeds per ha, depending on harrowing, the yield decreased to 1.14–1.19 and 1.09– 1.12 t/ha, respectively. Under the cross-method of sowing, the highest yield of oil flax (1.30–1.35 t/ha) was formed with a sowing rate of 6.0 mln seeds per ha in the variant with harrowing. When the sowing rate was reduced to 5.0 mln seeds per ha or increased to 7.0 mln seeds per ha, the yield decreased to 1.25–1.27 t/ha and 1.23–1.27 t/ha. The fat content in flax seeds, depending on the method of sowing, sowing rate and harrowing was 39.9-41.4%. At the same time, a slightly higher fat content in the seeds was observed with the row method of sowing. Depending on the sowing and harrowing rate, the oil yield in the crosssowing method was 437–487 kg/ha and increased by 10–51 kg/ha compared to the row method. Conclusions Growing techniques in some way influenced the growth, development, and yield formation of flax oil variety Kivika. The highest yield – 1.25 t/ha was obtained at a late sowing period with a sowing rate of 4.5 mln seeds per ha. The highest yield (1.35 t / ha) in the cross-method of sowing was provided by the sowing rate of 6 mln seeds per ha from the application of harrowing in the "Christmas tree" phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]