Long-term disease-free survival following salvage brachytherapy for recurrent pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: Two case reports and review of relevant literature.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma, mostly involving the genitourinary (GU) tract, head and neck, and extremities. This study reports the long-term outcome of two infants with recurrent GU-RMS who underwent combination therapy with chemotherapy (ChT) and salvage brachytherapy (BT). An 18-month-old girl with vaginal bleeding and a 7-month-old boy with urinary retention presented with a diagnosis of vaginal, and bladder/prostate embryonal RMS, respectively. Surgical resection and ChT were done for both patients. However, both developed local recurrences after one year and subsequently, underwent second-line ChT and salvage interstitial high dose rate BT. The clinical target volumes for the first and second patients were treated to a totaldose of 32 Gy in 10 fractions and 35 Gy in 10 fractions, respectively, with two fractions delivered per day with a 6-h interval between fractions. After 9 years of follow-up, both patients are alive with natural growth and no late complication or evidence of recurrence. Our report shows that BT (for patients with no prior history of irradiation) could result in long-term disease-free survival in well-selected pediatric patients with recurrent GU embryonal RMS without inflicting expected adverse effects of external beam radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]