How to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness—An Examination of Antibody Production and T-Cell Response.

Messenger RNA vaccine contains the genetic code (mRNA) of the spike protein (found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus), when this genetic material enters the body, subsequently produced spike protein triggers an immune response [[3]]. Existing COVID-19 vaccines currently take three different forms: (1) mRNA vaccines such as the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and the Moderna vaccine; (2) viral vector vaccines such as the ChAdOx1nCoV-19 (AZ) vaccine and the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) vaccine; and (3) protein subunit vaccines such as the Novavax vaccine [[1]]. There are many tools that can be used to detect both immune response elements, and their utilization could help establish a comprehensive efficacy evaluation for COVID-19 vaccines to promote vaccine optimization and further the goal of slowing down and reducing the impact of the pandemic. How to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness - An Examination of Antibody Production and T-Cell Response. [Extracted from the article]