UN DOGMA PAPAL, DOS ESTADOS CONTRAPUESTOS. ESPAÑA Y MÉXICO ENTRE EL PROGRESISMO LIBERAL Y EL CONSERVADURISMO SANTANNISTA, 1854-1855.

The 19th century is known as the age of the triumph of the nation States. The victory of liberal revolutions in Europe and independences in America has been extensively studied. However, less attention has been paid to the resistance and, above all, the adaptation to the triumph of nation States by the ecclesiastical hierarchy and, especially, by the papacy in its apparently symbolic dimensions. In this work, we carry out a study of the importance of the promulgation of the bull Ineffabilis Deus and its symbolic use from immaculism in two politically and ideologically opposed States in the middle of the 19th century, such as Mexico and Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]