Preparation of BMI monomers containing phosphate and phosphonate structure to enhance the flame retardant and toughness of BMI.

[Display omitted] Aiming at enhancing the toughness and fire safety of bismaleimide (BMI), BMI monomers containing phosphate and phosphonate structure (BDTP and BDTDP) were designed and prepared. With incorporation of 5 wt% BDTP and BDTDP, the peak value of heat release rate (PHRR) of BMI/BDTP-5 and BMI/BDTDP-5 decrease by 59.4% and 52.4%, respectively. The total smoke production (TSP) of BMI/BDTP-5 and BMI/BDTDP-5 are of 8.3% and 13.1% reduction, respectively. Meanwhile, BMI/BDTP-5 and BMI/BDTDP-5 possess UL-94V-0 rating, which indicates that BMI is endowed with better flame retardant performance by modification of designed BMI monomers. Besides, the impact strength of BMI/BDTP-5 and BMI/BDTDP-5 increase by 146.3% and 90.2%, respectively. The comprehensive performance of BMI/BDTP-5 is better than that of BMI/BDTDP-5. And the effect of phenyl phosphate structure in BDTP and phenyl phosphonate structure in BDTDP on BMI performance is explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]