Early insights into the movements of Malawi's transboundary elephants.

Our findings therefore highlight the need for further investigation of elephant population dynamics, distribution and space-use within the Malawi-Zambia Transfrontier Conservation Area to inform conservation management. Cross-border cooperation between Malawi-Zambia and Malawi-Mozambique and is therefore vital to the protection of these elephant populations. To examine potential human-elephant conflict in Malawi, we investigated the GPS locations that fell outside of protected areas and within Malawi's borders using QGIS v.3.12 (QGIS Development Team, 2020). Despite their ecological, cultural and economic importance, African savannah elephant (herein elephant; I Loxodonta africana i ) populations have experienced recent widespread declines (Chase et al., 2016; Wittemyer et al., 2014). [Extracted from the article]