Immunomodulation by intravenous omega‐3 fatty acid treatment in older subjects hospitalized for COVID‐19: A single‐blind randomized controlled trial.

A more prominent phagocytosis increase by a combined cortisone and n-3 PUFA treatment (Figure 4B; middle panel) compared to no concomitant cortisone (Figure 4B, right panel), further supports beneficial synergetic effects of cortisone and n-3 PUFA treatment of COVID-19 for retaining crucial immune functions and counteract cortisone-induced immunosuppression. The I n i -3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decrease C-reactive protein (CRP) in COVID-19.2,3 I.v. n-3 PUFA reduces hyperinflammation in other critical infectious conditions4 but has not previously been studied in COVID-19, and the mechanisms involved remain unknown. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 compared to baseline and #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01 between placebo and n-3 PUFA treatment gl In addition, the EPA-derived diols 11,12- and 14,15-diHETE (Figure 2D) increased, while the corresponding LA-derived leukotoxin diols 9,10-diHOME (Figure 2E) and isoleukotoxin diol 12,13-diHOME (Figure 2F) decreased after n-3 PUFA treatment. [Extracted from the article]