Business models for accelerating phase-out of coal based generation: Developing typologies and a discussion of the relative merits of alternative models.

Coal-fired electricity generation accounts for more than 10 Gt, or roughly 30 %, of global CO 2 emissions, with the majority of coal-fired generation capacity located in developing countries. It is possible to significantly reduce emissions from older, expensive and inefficient coal plants at less than US$10/tCO 2 e. However, in the absence of suitable business models and financing options, accelerated coal decommissioning may not transpire. Several business models have been tested, such as policy-based closure, buyout, and repurposing, and swapping for renewables. Features of different models can be combined to develop hybrid models. This paper develops typologies for alternative business models so that the available options can be clearly understood and compared. The paper also discusses the potential merits and drawbacks of each model. Rather than offering definitive answers on a suitable approach for coal transition. the paper aims to collate the experience thus far and highlight questions that require further examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]