Active Constituents Isolated from Zingiber zerumbet with Anti-Arthritis Activity.

After 24 h of seeding, zerumbone (5, 10, and 20 g/mL), zerumbone epoxide (5, 10, and 20 g/mL) or glucosamine (100 g/mL) were diluted with the culture medium to different concentrations and added to the cultured cells and then were incubated for another 24 h. The SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of zerumbone, zerumbone epoxide (5, 10 or 20 g/mL), or glucosamine (100 g/mL) for 24 h, followed by AlmarBlue analysis. At 20 g/mL, zerumbone significantly reduced MMP-1 production to 2.98 ± 0.14 ng/mL ( I p i < 0.01), the 20 g/mL zerumbone epoxide reduced MMP-1 production to 3.15 ± 0.94 pg/mL compare to the IL-1 alone-treated group, respectively. The SW1353 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of zerumbone, zerumbone epoxide (5, 10, and 20 g/mL), or glucosamine (100 g/mL) for 1 h, then stimulated with or without IL-1 (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. [Extracted from the article]