Design of pulse and respiration monitoring system based on fiber optic sensing and VMD-FPR processing algorithm.

• The VMD algorithm is improved by optimizing the number of decompositions K; • A high-sensitivity flexible FBG packaging structure is designed; • Constructed a mapping algorithm with inversion of respiratory wave and ECG characteristics; • The accuracy rate of the mapping algorithm is as high as 99.28 %, and the error is only 0.2 bpm. We propose a pulse and respiration monitoring system based on fiber optic sensing, to achieve accurate monitoring of human pulse and respiration rate with wearable and high comfort. We designed a flexible packaging structure -- to embed the fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) fiber optic sensor into a nylon bandage, which constitutes a wearable real-time monitoring system that can acquire pulse and respiration rates simultaneously. The system uses the Variational Mode Decomposition - Feature Point Recognition (VMD-FPR) signal processing algorithm to demodulate and analyze the FBG echo signal to invert the pulse and respiration rate. The experiments were conducted on human heart rate and respiration rate in different states. The experimental results showed that the error range of respiration rate was within ±0.2 bpm, and the accuracy of the respiration experiment feature point recognition algorithm was 93.29 %. The error range of heart rate was within ±2 bpm, and the accuracy of the pulse experiment main wave feature point recognition algorithm was 99.28 %. Thus, the system can accurately collect and analyze the feature points in the respiratory and pulse wave signals. The information obtained from the experiments is used to build an information base, which provides data support for establishing the analysis model of pulse characteristics and respiratory characteristics of the detectors, and to achieve the function of real-time monitoring of human physiological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]