Supporting first FSH dosage for ovarian stimulation with machine learning.

• We developed a ML model to recommend first FSH dosage for all types of patients. • The model performance surpassed the clinicians' in both development and validation. • The model can serve as quality check, second opinion or learning tool for trainees. Is it possible to identify accurately the optimal first dose of FSH in ovarian stimulation by means of a machine learning model? Observational study (2011–2021) including first IVF cycles with own oocytes. A total of 2713 patients from five private reproductive centres were included in the development phase (2011–2019) and 774 in the validation phase (2020–2021). Predictor variables included age, BMI, AMH, AFC and previous live births. Performance was measured with a proposed score based on the number of MII oocytes retrieved and dose received, recommended, or both. The included cycles were from women aged 37.7 ± 4.4 years (18–45 years), with a BMI of 23.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2, AMH of 2.4 ± 2.3 ng/ml, AFC of 11.3 ± 7.6, and an average number of MII obtained 6.9 ± 5.4. The model reached a mean performance score of 0.87 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.88) in the development phase, significantly better than for doses prescribed by clinicians for the same patients (0.83, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.84; P = 2.44 e-10). Mean performance score of the model recommendations was 0.89 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.90) in the validation phase, also significantly better than clinicians (0.84, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.86; P = 3.81 e-05). The model was shown to surpass the performance of standard practice. This machine learning model could be used as a training and learning tool for new clinicians, and as quality control for experienced clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]