Chromosome-level genome assembly of Monochamus saltuarius reveals its adaptation and interaction mechanism with pine wood nematode.

Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) was reported as the vector beetle of the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in Japan and Europe. It was first reported to transmitted the PWN to native Pinus species in 2018 in Liaoning Province, China. However, the lack of genomic resources has limited the in-depth understanding of its interspecific relationship with PWN. Here, we obtained a chromosome-level reference genome of M. saltuarius combining Illumina, Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing technologies. We assembled the scaffolds into ten chromosomes (including an X chromosome) and obtained a 682.23 Mb chromosome-level genome with a N50 of 73.69 Mb. In total, 427.67 Mb (62.69 %) repeat sequences were identified and 14, 492 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 93.06 % were annotated. We described the mth / mthl , P450, OBP and OR gene families associated with the vector beetle's development and resistance, as well as the host selection and adaptation, which serve as a valuable resource for understanding the host adaptation in insects during evolution. This high quality reference genome of M. saltuarius also provide new avenues for researching the mechanism of this synergistic damage between vector beetles and PWN. • This research assembled the first chromosomal-level reference genome of Monochamus saltuarius. • The sex chromosome was identified. • Inferred the evolutionary relationship of currently sequenced Coleoptera species. • The contraction and expansion of gene families associated with the insect host adaptation were explored. • We identified the most methuselah/methuselah-like genes associated with insect development and lifespan in M. saltuarius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]