我国畜禽养殖业抗生素的使用特征及其环境与健康风险.

China has extensive livestock and poultry industries with substantial production and use of veterinary antibacterials. The longterm and massive use of veterinary antibacterials causes environmental pollution, increases bacterial resistance, and elevates safety risks for livestock, poultry, and agricultural products, further threatening human health. In this paper, we review the use of veterinary antibacterials in livestock and poultry breeding from 2009 to 2019 in China. The characteristics of the usage of veterinary antibacterials were analyzed. The findings show that the proportion of consumption of veterinary antibacterials in veterinary chemicals was 69.6%~74.1%. The utilization of veterinary antibacterials reached a maximum in 2014, and then decreased yearly. The main types of veterinary antibacterials are tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline; chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline are mainly used to promote growth. Furthermore, the analysis of the antibiotics residue in different foods showed that the detection rates of antibiotics in milk, cultured fish, and vegetables were as high as 90.9%~100%. The average residue of quinolone in cultured fish was 725.13 μg·kg-1, which exceeds the national food safety limit standard (100 μg·kg-1). Additionally, we summarize the situation of antibiotic residues in the environment and the emergence and mechanism of bacterial resistance. The effects of the massive use of antibiotics on animal and human health are discussed. Ultimately, management suggestions and strategies on the prevention of antibiotics pollution are proposed in terms of source, use, emission, and remediation to help control antibiotic pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]