Ecological Citizenship.

It is argued that a distinction needs to be drawn between environmental and ecological citizenship. The former can be almost entirely expressed in the language of the two major traditions of citizenship, liberal and civic republican, but ecological citizenship cannot. Ecological citizenship is an example and an interpretation of 'post-cosmopolitan' citizenship, and it possesses four principal characteristics. First, it deals in the currency of non-reciprocal responsibility; second, it works with a non-contiguous and non-state understanding of political space, best understood in terms of the 'ecological footprint'; third it argues that the private arena is as much a sphere for citizenship as the public arena; and, finally, it cleaves to the notion of citizenship virtue understood in terms of the virtues required to meet ecological citizenship's specific obligations rather than in terms of 'citizenship virtues' more arbitrarily understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]