La tradición canónica sobre la responsabilidad penal de universitates y collegia: la Glossa Ordinaria al Decreto de Graciano.

Criminal Canon Law maintained the imputability of moral persons until CIC 17. Corporate crimes and punishments disappeared from Book VI CIC 83. This issue was not taken into account in the reform promulgated in 2021. In the meantime, secular legislation has introduced the criminal liability of legal persons, including that of recognized religious entities. Corporate criminal culpability is consistent with the canonical tradition. This study presents the teachings of Johannes Teutonicus and Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus, which were included in the revision of the Glossa Ordinaria to Gratian's Decretum by Bartolomaeus Brixiensis. It is rare for a universitas to commit a crime, but it is not impossible. Irrespective of civil liabilities ex delicto, the moral person and its members may be punished with spiritual or corporal penalties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]