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A Low-Power Indirect Time-of-Flight CMOS Image Sensor With Fixed Depth Noise Compensation and Dual-Mode Imaging for Depth Dynamic Range Enhancement.
- Source :
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IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems. Part I: Regular Papers . Oct2022, Vol. 69 Issue 10, p3989-3999. 11p. - Publication Year :
- 2022
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Abstract
- We present a low-power indirect time-of-flight (iTOF) image sensor with fixed depth noise compensation and dual-mode imaging for depth dynamic range (DDR) enhancement. To reduce the power consumption from high-frequency pixel modulation, a TX driver with a single-sided clock chain is employed in the sensor. The inherent phase delay of the clock chain and the delay of the row bus are measured using row-parallel and column-parallel time-to-digital converters (TDCs) to compensate for the column and row fixed depth noise (FDN). To achieve a wide depth dynamic range (WDDR), the reconfigurable pixels and column circuits support dual-mode: short-range (SR) and long-range (LR) modes. A WDDR image is generated in a single frame through the mixed reconfiguration of the pixel array and interpolation. In addition, the temporal noise is suppressed without a significant time budget through a fast multiple sampling (FMS) scheme with 10b successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital (ADCs). A prototype iTOF image sensor was fabricated using a 110 nm frontside illumination (FSI) CMOS image sensor (CIS) process and fully characterized. The sensor achieved a DDR of 4 m (0.7 to 4.7 m) with less than 1.7% nonlinearity and 0.9% depth noise. The FDN was suppressed to less than 2.1 cm at a low power consumption below 70 mW through the proposed compensation scheme using row and column TDCs. The temporal noise was only 0.48 mV $_{\mathbf {rms}}$ owing to the FMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15498328
- Volume :
- 69
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems. Part I: Regular Papers
- Publication Type :
- Periodical
- Accession number :
- 160688632
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2022.3188045