Expression of Concern for "Discrete Fresh Concrete Model for Simulation of Ordinary, Self-Consolidating, and Printable Concrete Flow" by Elham Ramyar and Gianluca Cusatis.

The publisher is issuing an Expression of Concern to inform readers that a claim has been made that this paper was part of work done in association with Engineering and Software System Solutions, Inc. (ES3) and the US Army Corps of Engineers. The authors claim the publication approval was not required because the presented material was obtained after the end of the project and was not part of the project deliverables. There exists an outstanding claim that the funding agencies had final approval before publication and this was not sought; however, the authors dispute this claim. [Extracted from the article]