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Foam-in-Vein: Characterisation of Blood Displacement Efficacy of Liquid Sclerosing Foams.
- Source :
-
Biomolecules (2218-273X) . Dec2022, Vol. 12 Issue 12, p1725. 14p. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Sclerotherapy is among the least invasive and most commonly utilised treatment options for varicose veins. Nonetheless, it does not cure varicosities permanently and recurrence rates are of up to 64%. Although sclerosing foams have been extensively characterised with respect to their bench-top properties, such as bubble size distribution and half-life, little is known about their flow behaviour within the venous environment during treatment. Additionally, current methods of foam characterisation do not recapitulate the end-point administration conditions, hindering optimisation of therapeutic efficacy. Here, a therapeutically relevant apparatus has been used to obtain a clinically relevant rheological model of sclerosing foams. This model was then correlated with a therapeutically applicable parameter—i.e., the capability of foams to displace blood within a vein. A pipe viscometry apparatus was employed to obtain a rheological model of 1% polidocanol foams across shear rates of 6 s−1 to 400 s−1. Two different foam formulation techniques (double syringe system and Tessari) and three liquid-to-gas ratios (1:3, 1:4 and 1:5) were investigated. A power-law model was employed on the rheological data to obtain the apparent viscosity of foams. In a separate experiment, a finite volume of foam was injected into a PTFE tube to displace a blood surrogate solution (0.2% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose). The displaced blood surrogate was collected, weighed, and correlated with foam's apparent viscosity. Results showed a decreasing displacement efficacy with foam dryness and injection flowrate. Furthermore, an asymptotic model was formulated that may be used to predict the extent of blood displacement for a given foam formulation and volume. The developed model could guide clinicians in their selection of a foam formulation that exhibits the greatest blood displacement efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2218273X
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Biomolecules (2218-273X)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 160941635
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12121725