Trehalose hydrolysis and transport–related genes promote Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus proliferation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase–Akt signalling pathway in BmN cell.

The reprogramming of host physiology has been considered an essential process for baculovirus propagation. Trehalose, the main sugar in insect blood, plays a crucial role as an instant energy source. Although the trehalose level is modulated following infection with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), the mechanism of trehalose metabolism in response to BmNPV infection is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the trehalose level tended to be lower in BmNPV-infected hemolymph and higher in the midgut. The omics analysis revealed that two trehalose transporters, BmTret1-1 and BmTret1-2 , and trehalase, BmTRE1 and BmTRE2 , were differentially expressed in the midgut after BmNPV infection. BmTret1-1 and BmTret1-2 had the ability to transport trehalose into the cell and promoted cellular absorption of trehalose. Furthermore, the functions of BmTret1-1 , BmTret1-2 , BmTRE1 and BmTRE2 in BmNPV infection were analyzed. These genes were upregulated in the midgut after BmNPV infection. Virus amplification analysis revealed that these genes could promote BmNPV proliferation in BmN cells. In addition, these genes could promote the expression of BmPI3K , BmPDK1 and BmAkt and inhibit the expression of BmFoxO in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt signalling pathway. Similarly, the increased trehalose level in BmN cells could promote the expression of BmPI3K , BmPDK1 and BmAkt and inhibit the expression of BmFoxO. Taken together, BmNPV infection promote the expression of trehalose hydrolysis and transport–related genes. These changes affect the PI3K–Akt signalling pathway to facilitate BmNPV proliferation. These findings help clarify the relationship between trehalose metabolism and BmNPV infection. [Display omitted] • BmNPV infection upregulated the trehalose level in the midgut and downregulated the hemolymph trehalose level. • Trehalose hydrolysis and transport-related genes promote Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus proliferation. • Trehalose hydrolysis and transport-related genes facilitate BmNPV proliferation through PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]