Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7799039 and rs2167270 in leptin gene and elevated serum levels of adiponectin predispose Iranians to Behçet's disease.

• Leptin gene polymorphisms increase the susceptibility of individuals to Behçet's disease. • Adiponectin gene polymorphisms don't affect the susceptibility of individuals to BD. • Elevated serum levels of adiponectin might promote BD pathogenesis. Behçet's Disease (BD) is a chronic autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Adipokines due to their roles in the regulation of immune responses might be important in the induction and progression of BD. This case-control study included 340 patients with BD and 310 healthy controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adiponectin (rs266729 and rs1501299) and leptin (rs7799039 and rs2167270) genes were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and serum levels of adipokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A higher frequency of leptin rs7799039 GG, AG, and AG +GG genotypes and G allele was revealed in patients. Besides, patients had more leptin rs2167270 AG and AG +AA genotypes and A allele. Furthermore, rs2167270 AA genotype and A allele were more frequently seen in total and female patients who had genital aphthous. Patients had significantly more serum levels of adiponectin while those with genital aphthous had significantly more leptin levels. No significant association was observed between genotypes and alleles of adiponectin SNPs and BD. Our findings indicated that leptin gene polymorphisms might predispose Iranian individuals to BD. Besides, elevated serum levels of adiponectin might facilitate BD pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]